Fugo Balloon Attacks on North America
Japanese Balloons (Fu-Go) on the Web: A Bibliography edited by Michael Unsworth
http://www.lib.msu.edu/unsworth/genhist/ww2/ww2st/fugo1.htm
5004th AISS Fugo Balloon Recovery (CUFON)
http://www.cufon.org/cufon/5004fugo.htm
1945 Censorship Notice on Reporting Fugo Balloons
http://www.project1947.com/fig/1945a.htm#fugo
Voices of the Manhattan Project
Oral History interviews revealing details of Fugo balloon attacks
on the Hanford Nuclear Plant during the Manhattan Project:
Colonel Franklin T. Matthias, Officer-in-Charge of the Hanford, WA site
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/franklin-matthiass-interview-1986
Walter Simon, Hanford plant's first Operations Manager
http://manhattanprojectvoices.org/oral-histories/walter-simons-interview
Japanese Balloon Bomb attack on the US
http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/balloon.html
Japanese Balloon Bombs:
Project FUGO by Philip H. Jacobsen
http://amh.freehosting.net/japanese.html
TEXAS HISTORY HIGHLIGHTS
The Bombing of Texas
http://www.texasalmanac.com/texasbomb.html
Savoir Faire: Bombs from Balloons
by Sandra Bell,
Research and Information Services
http://www.nlc-bnc.ca/pubs/nl-news/1998/july98e/3007-11e.htm
http://www.japan-101.com/history/fire_balloons_or_balloon_bombs.htm
Wright Patterson Air Force Base Museum
Fire Balloons - Incendiary Devices Launched by Japan During World War II
http://www.wpafb.af.mil/museum/history/wwii/jbb.htm
Fugos: Japanese Balloon Bombs of WWII
(Types, illustration and possible coverup on BW)
by John Covington
http://www.seanet.com/~johnco/fugo.htm
Fugo In Medford, Oregon
http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/98/mar98/31798n7.htm
1945 Newspaper Stories
http://www.stelzriede.com/ms/html/mshwfug4.htm
Tri-City Herald Sep 12, 2001
"Hanford Once Victim of Attack"
by John Stang
http://archive.tri-cityherald.com/terror/0912-13.html
Oregon Picnicers Killed by Fugo
http://www.avstop.com/news/jb.html
Fugo, Japaness Balloon Bombs of WW II
http://www.seanet.com/~johnco/fugo.htm
Japanese Youngster Worked on Fugo Balloons
http://www.af.mil/news/airman/0298/bomb2.htm
Operation Firefly
http://www.fs.fed.us/fire/people/smokejumpers/missoula/History/555th/555.htm
Triple Nickles—555th Infantry Parachute Battalion
http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7941
http://www.fs.fed.us/r5/newslog/march2003/history/triple-nickels.html
Fugos In Canada
http://www.members.shaw.ca/dmcclarty/schmidt_history/japfirecwm.htm
Thanks to Robert Gates who found these references to Fugo balloons:
Mikesh, Robert C. Japan's World War II Balloon Bomb Attacks on North America. Smithsonian Annals of Flight no. 9. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C. 1973.
"Balloons Of War", by John McPhee, NEW YORKER, 29 January 1996, 52:60.
Mikesh's work contains a list of Japanese balloon bombs recovered up to 1945. A number of recoveries were made after that. There is probably still wreckage out there in inaccessible areas. Somewhere, I read an estimate that 1000 balloons made it to North America. I suspect that estimate is off the top of someone's head.--J. Aldrich
In the early 1950s Dr. Lincoln LaPaz also wrote about Fugo's in a magazine article.
Drew Pearson using Fugos as an example wrote a magazine article suggesting that the west use the same techniques to "bomb" the Soviet Union with leaflets. Probably a trial balloon (pun intended) for Radio Free Europe and other leaflet balloon efforts later on. Maybe the propaganda balloon barrage in 1954 had something to do with the UFO flap of that year.